R This pathway is the primary defense against: Aflatoxin B1 (a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus) Cadmium Epoxides (reactive Phase I intermediates from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) Lipid peroxidation products (4-hydroxynonenal, malondialdehyde) Mercury (organic and inorganic forms) Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) GSTs exist in three locations: cytosolic (the largest class, with alpha, mu, pi, theta, sigma, omega, and zeta subfamilies), mitochondrial (kappa class), and microsomal (MAPEG family)
Studies in rats have shown its enormous potency as a neurotrophic agent, being up to ten million times stronger than BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor)
These effects were largely attributed to the concurrent inhibition of estrogen receptor and ErbB2 signaling
If youre starting a double-cleansing routine, look for a strong first-step formula