glp 1 incretin Glucagon-like peptide-1 The Benefits of Incretin Mimetics

Glossary ENDOTOXIN Toxin derived from the disruption of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria

Small molecule hydrophobic metabolites such as propionate, acetate, and butyrate can cross the epithelial barrier by simple diffusion along a concentration gradient from zones of elevated concentration in the intestinal lumen to places of diminished concentration in the epithelial cells (65)

10.5 min, 45% B

The secretion of IL-25 by tuft cells can also be modulated by the SCFA, succinate, produced by members of the intestinal microbiota, particularly species of the Bacteroidetes phylum who are prolific producers of this metabolite (Connors et al