Safety, side effects, and clinical oversight The FDA-labeled side-effect profile for GLP-1 receptor agonists and the GIP/GLP-1 dual agonist tirzepatide is well-characterized: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, and headache are common
On the micronutrient side, eating dramatically less food increases the likelihood of falling short on key vitamins and minerals B12, iron, calcium, magnesium, and zinc among them
Peritoneal delivery of human short-acting (regular) insulin, with rapid transit to the portal system, can be accomplished with implantable insulin pumps or through a port connected to an intraperitoneal catheter (available only in some countries in Europe at considerable cost)
They can bind to proteins and lipids, stabilize the structure of nerve cells and synapses (Martin, 2002), and are used as a source of cellular energy (Varki, 2017), which are essential nutrients for the brain (Nelson et al., 2012)